Stomach ulcer - symptoms and causes.
What is a stomach ulcer?
Stomach ulcers, also known as peptic ulcers, are open sores that appear on the lining of the stomach. These ulcers can cause a variety of symptoms and are often associated with a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori. Understanding the symptoms and causes of stomach ulcers is crucial for early detection, appropriate treatment, and prevention of complications.
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| Stomach ulcer - symptoms and causes. |
Stomach ulcer symptoms.
- Abdominal pain: The most common symptom of a stomach ulcer is a dull, burning, or gnawing pain in the middle or upper abdomen. The pain may come and go and may be made worse by eating or on an empty stomach.
- Heartburn and Acid Reflux: Stomach ulcers can lead to heartburn and a burning sensation in the chest as stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.
- Nausea and vomiting: Some people with stomach ulcers may experience persistent nausea or vomiting, especially after meals.
- Loss of appetite and weight loss: Because of the discomfort and pain associated with ulcers, some people may experience a decrease in appetite, which leads to unintentional weight loss.
- Bloating and belching: Stomach ulcers can cause bloating, a feeling of fullness, and excessive belching after meals.
Causes of stomach ulcers.
- H. pylori infection: This is a bacterium that can infect the lining of the stomach. It is a common bacterial infection spread through contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person.
- Anti-inflammatory medications: Frequent or long-term use of medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can irritate the lining of the stomach.
- Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol can erode the lining of the stomach.
- Smoking: Smoking cigarettes or using other tobacco products can interfere with the protective mechanisms of the stomach lining.
Diagnosis and treatment.
To diagnose stomach ulcers, the doctor may perform various tests, including:
- Blood tests.
- Stool tests.
- Breath tests to detect H. pylori infection.
- Endoscopy.
- Imaging tests.
Once diagnosed, treatment usually includes a combination of medications to reduce stomach acid production, eradicate H. pylori infection (if present) and promote ulcer healing.
Complications and prevention.
If left untreated, stomach ulcers can lead to complications including bleeding, perforation (a hole in the lining of the stomach), and obstruction (blockage) in the digestive tract.
To prevent stomach ulcers, it is essential to maintain good hygiene, especially when it comes to food and water. Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and managing stress effectively can help reduce the risk of developing an ulcer.
Conclusion.
Stomach ulcers are common and can cause significant discomfort and complications if not handled properly. Recognizing the symptoms, understanding the causes, and obtaining timely medical care is essential for effective treatment.